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14.Nov.2024
What is TOPS and TeraFLOPS in AI?
What is TOPS in AI?
TOPS, or Trillions of Operations Per Second, is a metric used to measure the theoretical peak performance of AI hardware. It calculates how many basic operations: additions and multiplications, the hardware can perform in one second. This metric is commonly used for devices like NPUs, GPUs, and other AI accelerators to compare their capabilities.
Why is TOPS important in NPU?
A Neural Processing Unit (NPU) is a specialized hardware designed to speed up AI tasks, especially inference operations. While CPUs can handle basic AI workloads, NPUs are built for parallel processing, delivering better AI performance and lower power usage. NPUs first gained attention with Intel’s Meteor Lake processors, a key feature in the advanced Core Ultra Series. Here, TOPS act as a key metric for NPUs, providing a benchmark to evaluate their AI performance. However, TOPS alone doesn' t reflect real-world performance. Factors like memory bandwidth, latency, and software optimization also impact how well an NPU performs in actual applications. While TOPS is a good starting point, a full evaluation needs to consider these elements for practical use.
What is TeraFLOPS?
In addition to TOPS, another important metric for evaluating AI performance is TeraFLOPS. TFLOPS, or TeraFLOPS, stands for Tera Floating Point Operations Per Second. It measures how many floating-point calculations: additions and multiplications, a GPU can perform in one second. This metric is commonly used to evaluate the performance of GPUs like the NVIDIA GPU RTX 1050, especially for tasks requiring high precision, such as FP32 or FP16 calculations. TeraFLOPS helps users understand how powerful a GPU is for handling graphics rendering, AI model training, and other floating-point-heavy workloads.
TOPS vs TFLOPS
Although TOPS and TeraFLOPS are used to evaluate AI hardware performance, it' s important to note that they have significant differences. Here' s how they differ:
| Features | TOPS | TeraFLOPS |
|---|---|---|
| Type of Calculation | Integer operations (e.g., INT8) - Additions and multiplications | Floating-point operations (e.g., FP32 or FP16) - Additions and multiplications |
| Application Scenarios | AI inferencing | AI training |
| Precision | Low precision (commonly INT8) | High precision (FP32/FP16) |
| Hardware | NPUs, specialized AI accelerators, GPUs (inference) | GPUs, high-performance computing hardware (training) |
| Performance Focus | Emphasizes integer matrix operations and efficiency | Focuses on floating-point computational power |
| Data Representation | Reflects theoretical peak capability; requires latency and bandwidth evaluations for context | More suited for high-precision scientific calculations but limited by memory bottlenecks |
C&T Edge AI Industrial PC Solutions
C&T offers Edge AI solutions with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Series Industrial PC, supporting Orin NX/Nano (up to 100 TOPS) and AGX Orin (up to 275 TOPS) for AI inference and machine learning. Our solutions also integrate M.2 Hailo-8™ AI Accelerators (up to 104 TOPS) with EDGEBoost IO Technologies to enhance computing performance. Last but not least, C&T EDGEBoost Nodes Teachnologies enable various low profile GPU acceleration choices.
Contact us to consult with our technical experts.
FAQ
What is TOPS AI?
TOPS stands for Trillions of Operations Per Second and measures the speed of AI hardware such as NPU, GPU, and accelerator for AI inference tasks.
Is TOPS Important for AI?
Yes, TOPS helps compare AI hardware performance, especially for inference tasks.
What is the minimum TOPS for AI?
There is no universal minimum TOPS for AI as it depends on the workload. However, recently Microsoft defines an AI PC baseline as requiring 40 TOPS of compute power and at least 16GB of RAM.
What is NPU in AI?
A Neural Processing Unit (NPU) is a specialized hardware designed to speed up AI tasks, especially inference operations.
What is 1 Teraflop?
A Teraflop measures one trillion floating-point operations per second, used for tasks like AI training.
Are TOPS and TFLOPs the same?
No, they measure different types of calculations: integer (TOPS) and floating-point (TFLOPS).
What is FP16 and FP32?
FP16 is a 16-bit floating-point format, and FP32 is a 32-bit floating-point format, with FP32 offering higher precision.
